Var - Tithi - Nakshatra - Yoga - Karana - Sunrise - Rahu Kalam - Choghadiya
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| # | Choghadiya | Quality | Time |
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| # | Choghadiya | Quality | Time |
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The Panchang (Sanskrit: five limbs) is the Hindu almanac that has been used for over 3,000 years to determine auspicious times for rituals, travel, business and personal decisions. Its five elements are Tithi (lunar day), Vara (day of the week), Nakshatra (birth star), Yoga (planetary combination) and Karana (half-tithi). Each element is calculated from precise astronomical positions of the Sun and Moon, making the Panchang a sophisticated observational calendar. Regional variations exist - the Drik Panchang follows astronomical calculations directly, while some communities follow the Vakya system based on ancient mathematical tables, leading to occasional one-day differences in festival dates.
Rahu Kalam is a period of approximately 90 minutes each day considered inauspicious for new beginnings - its timing shifts daily based on the day of the week and the local sunrise time. Yamagandam and Gulika Kalam are similar inauspicious windows. Choghadiya divides each day and night into eight parts, each ruled by a planet, with Amrit, Shubh and Labh Choghadiyas being auspicious and Rog, Kaal and Udveg being inauspicious. These timings are widely used in Gujarat, Rajasthan and Maharashtra for selecting travel times and business transactions.
Temple priests across India use the daily panchang to schedule abhishek timings, festival preparations and deity processions. UPSC General Studies Paper 1 includes topics on Indian calendrical systems, and understanding panchang fundamentals is relevant for aspirants studying Indian culture. This tool calculates the complete daily panchang for any Indian city based on its latitude and longitude, giving you accurate local timings for all five elements plus Rahu Kalam, Yamagandam and Choghadiya.